Improving System EER with Energy Recovery Technology
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Gregory M Dobbs, Ph.D., Member, United Technologies Corporation, East Hartford, CT

Greater use of air-to-air heat exchang-ers for energy recovery from ventilation air is of increasing importance in green and sustainable buildings where improved IAQ and energy conservation are conflicting requirements. When used with properly sized HVAC equipment, HRV’s and ERV’s can enable the system to achieve an effective EER that is up to 30% higher than that of the equipment alone. Matching the effective system SHR to the conditioned space latent and sensible loads also leads to improved humidity control. This seminar addresses system concepts that remain underappreciated by the sustainable design community.

1. System EER and ARI Guideline V Exposed
Bede Wellford, Member, Vital Technologies, Inc., Auburn, ME

2. Two Approaches to Using Energy Recovery to Reduce Overall System EER
Klas C. Haglid, P.E., Member, Haglid En-gineering and Associates, Hillsdale, NJ

3. Impact of Energy Recovery Technology on Housing Performance
Boualem Ouazia, Ph.D., Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Energy Recovery Systems Save Natural Resources, So Why Aren’t They Used More Often?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: James L. Newman, Life, CEM, LEED AP, Newman Consulting Group, LLC, Bloomfield Hills, MI

Since air-to-air energy recovery systems save energy and lower operating costs, why aren’t they used by more engineers? Is it lack of familiarity? Is it fear? What are your experiences - both good and bad? Our commitment to more sustainable design is to save energy. How can airto-air energy recovery systems help?

Energy Efficient Ventilation Systems
Track: Systems and Equipment
Sponsor: TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation Systems; TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Alfred W. Woody, P.E., Fellow, Ventilation/Energy Applications, PLLC, Rochester Hills, MI

New and different approaches have been developed that enhance energy recovery and energy savings for industrial HVAC systems.
This seminar presents strategies that are economical to install and provide a significant reduction of energy use when compared to
traditional systems. Information presented here is proposed for inclusion in the make-up air section of Chapter 31 of the 2008 ASHRAE
Handbook, HVAC Systems and Equipment.

1. A New Approach to Energy Recovery for Make-Up Air Units
Wayne M. Lawton, P.E., Member, Lentz Engineering Associates, Inc., Sheboygan Falls, WI

2. Energy Efficient Indirect Evaporative Cooling In High Wet Bulb Climates: Case Studies of Industrial Applications
Leon E. Shapiro, Member, VRTX Technologies LLC, Las Vegas, NV

Seminar 6
Monday, January 29, 1:00 - 2:30 PM, in the Convention Center

Sustainable Ventilation Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings
Track: Systems and Equipment
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Gregory M. Dobbs, Ph.D., Member, United Technologies Corp., East Hartford, CT

Devices for recovering the energy used for conditioning ventilation air are available using several distinctly different technologies and
are a key part of sustainable design for green buildings. Standards such as ASHRAE 90.1 are increasingly requiring such devices in the
minimum configuration. This seminar will review the choices and some case studies of applying ventilation energy recovery to specific
building sectors and the challenges for specific situations.

1. Custom Energy Recovery Unit Design for Commercial and Institutional Applications
Paul Pieper, P.E., Member, UTC Canada Corp., Laval, PQ, Canada

2. EPA’s SAVES Software Tool Demonstrates the Value of ERV for Schools
Bob Thompson, Member, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC

3. Energy Recovery in Special Situations
Gregory M. Dobbs, Member, United Technologies Corp., East Hartford, CT

Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Research Topics
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bert G. Phillips, P. Eng, UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada

A new transient test method for determining the effectiveness of air-to-air energy wheels is introduced in papers presented in this session. The transient test significantly reduces test times, equipment costs and space requirements compared to the current steady-state test, while maintaining a comparable accuracy. The new test method and apparatus may be applied energy wheel quality control, field testing, certification and selecting wheel rotational speed.

1. Transient Temperature Measurements and Characteristics for Temperature Sensors and Energy Wheels (QC-06-008)
Oyetope Abe, Halliburton Energy Service, Grand Prairie, AB, Canada; Yi Heng Wang, Altex Industries, Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada; Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., Member, Robert W. Besant, Fellow and Wei Shang, Ph.D., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

2. Relationship between Energy Wheel Speed & Effectiveness & Its Transient Response, Part 1 (QC-06-009)
Oyetope O. Abe, Halliburton Energy Service, Grande Prairie, AB, Canada; Robert W. Besant, Fellow, Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., Member and Wei Shang, Ph.D., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

3. Relationship between Energy Wheel Speed & Effectiveness & Its Transient Response, Part 2 (QC-06-010)
Oyetope O. Abe, Halliburton Energy Service, Grande Prarie, AB, Canada; Robert W. Besant, Fellow, Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., Member and Wei Shang, Ph.D., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Seminar 26
Sunday, June 25, 3:15 - 4:45 PM

Operational Performance Strategies for Energy Recovery Systems
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Carol Marriott, Member, P. Eng, McQuay International, Minneapolis, MN

This seminar highlights different strategies for optimum performance of air-to-air energy recovery systems. The speakers address operational performance for residential and commercial applications. Performance and control of air-to-air energy recovery systems without the use of dampers are discussed.

1. Control Strategies for Residential and Small Commercial Systems
Peter Grinbergs, Member, Nutech, London, ON, Canada

2. Commercial Energy Wheel Control
Ronnie Moffitt, P.E., Member, The Trane Company, Lexington, KY

3. Using Fans Without Dampers to Control Outdoor Air Intake In An Energy Recovery System: Does It Work?
Klas Haglid, P.E., Member, Haglid Engs & Assoc., Ridgewood, NJ

What Are the Barriers to Using Air-to-Air Energy Recovery for Sustainable HVAC Systems?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: Bede W. Wellford, Member, Enthalpy Consulting, LLC, Newry, ME

Energy recovery ventilation is one of the key equipment solutions to providing efficient and sustainable HVAC&R systems, which also meet the standards for outside air, occupant satisfaction, health and humidity control. TC 5.5 has focused on removing barriers to the use of the technologies. However, it is the sense of the committee that energy recovery is underutilized. The forum provides an opportunity to understand (from the perspective of the practicing engineer and building designer) what drives the use of energy recovery in an application and what can prevent or preclude its use.

Forum 20
Wednesday, January 25, 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM, Room: Salon 7

How Can Hybrid 100% Outside Air Systems Improve Both Homeland Security and Sustainability
Sponsor: TC 05.07 Evaporative Cooling; TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: Leon E. Shapiro, Member, J. D., The Green Building Group, Bloomingdale, IL

The need to develop effective HVAC&R strategies to protect building occupants against the threat of chemical-biological warfare (CBW) is often seen as having a priority over making those same buildings energy efficient. This forum explores whether hybrid, 100 percent outside air systems can effectively reduce the threat of CBW without paying an energy penalty to do so. In other words, can a building's HVAC&R system be designed to protect its occupants and still be energy efficient and sustainable?

Air to Air Energy Recovery Wheels and Plates: What Are They and How Do They Work?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Carol E. Marriott, Member, P. Eng, McQuay International, Minneapolis, MN

Air to air energy recovery can take many forms. This seminar discusses some of the forms available today; how they work, when to apply them, and certified ratings per ASHRAE 84 and ARI 1060. Economic impact and energy analysis are addressed.

1. Heat, Enthalpy, Desiccant: All Wheels Are Not Created Equal
Bede Wellford, Member, AirXchange, Rockland, MA

2. What Is a Flat Plate Heat Exchanger? Is It Really Flat?
Matthew Friedlander, Member, RenewAire, Madison, WI

3. Recent Advancements in High Latent Recovery Effectiveness Membrane Flat Plate Heat Exchangers for Air-to-Air Energy Recovery from Ventilation Air
Gregory M Dobbs, Member, United Technologies, East Hartford, CT

4. Wet Plate-Dry Plate Energy Recovery: Is It Better to Be Wetter?
Leon E. Shapiro, Member, ADA Systems LLC, Carol Stream, IL

Size Matters: Using Air-to-Air Energy Recovery to Meet the Humidity Control Requirements in ASHRAE Std 62.1 Addendum X
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Elbert (Bert) G Phillips, Member, P.Eng., UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
APC Liaison: Mary (Ginger) Scoggins, P.E., Member, Engineered Designs, Inc., Raleigh, NC

ASHRAE 62.1 Addendum x added new humidity control requirements. Up-sizing of air-conditioning equipment usually does not improve humidity control in hot humid climates, but appropriate application of air-to-air energy recovery systems and related technologies can help designers meet the requirements by shifting load and/or shifting the SHR of cooling systems. The presentations in this session discuss the issues and challenges of providing humidity control in humid climates and describe some cost effective solutions for meeting the requirements that also help comply with Standard 90
requirements.

1. Addendum 62X, Humidity Control, Energy Recovery and System Sizing
Bede W. Wellford, Member, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA

2. The Evolving Sensible Heat Ratio of Commercial Building Cooling Loads
John Dieckmann, Member, TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA

3. Addedum 62X: Meeting Space SHR: Outside Air is Not the Problem
Ronnie Moffitt, P.E., Member, Trane, Lexington, KY

4. Review of an Air-to-Air Energy Recovery System that Provides Very Good Energy Recovery
Klas C Haglid, P.E., Member, Building Performance Equipment, Haglid Engineering and Associates, Wyckoff, NJ

Symposium OR-05-11
Monday, February 7, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Energy Recovery Ventilation: Energy, Humidity, and Economic Implications
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bede W. Wellford, Member, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA
APC Liaison: Richard A. Charles, P.E., Fellow Presidential Life Member, C&B Consulting Engineers, San Francisco, CA

This session explores economic and indoor air quality implications of a variety of energy recovery ventilation technologies. Studies of dual wheel systems, enthalpy wheels, heat pump heat recovery and coil run around loops are presented. Information on improved design and application of these technologies for both economic and humidity control benefit are provided. While the majority of the research is based on modeling studies, the results address practical design considerations for energy recovery ventilation equipment and systems.

1. Cost Effective Design of Dual Heat and Energy Recovery Exchangers for 100% Ventilation Air in HVAC Cabinet Units
Yaw Asiedu, Ph.D., Department of National Defense, Ottawa, ON Canada; Robert W. Besant, Fellow and Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

2. Evaluation of Demand-Controlled Ventilation and Enthalpy Exchangers in Small Commercial Buildings
Kevin B. Mercer, Associate Member, Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine, WI; James E. Braun, Ph.D., P.Eng., Member, Purdue University, IN

3. Evaluation of a Ventilation Heat Pump for Small Commercial Buildings
Kevin B. Mercer, Associate Member, Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine, WI; James E. Braun, Ph.D., P.Eng., Member, Purdue University, IN

4. Run-Around Heat Recovery System Using Cross-Flow Flat-Plate Heat Exchangers with Aqueous Ehylene Glycol as the Coupling Fluid
Haisheng Fan, Student Member, Robert W. Besant, Fellow and Wei Shang, Ph.D., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Mold or Gold: New Means of Controlling Humidity
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: James L. Newman, Life Member, Newman Consulting Group, LLC, Bloomfield Hills, MI

The potential for fungal growth is exacerbated by improper sizing of a/c equipment. The role of the HVAC equipment and the use of novel energy recovery systems to control the building interior humidity are discussed and analyzed.

1. Mold and Sources of Moisture in Buildings
Davor Novosel, Member, National Center for Energy Management and Building Technologies, Alexandria, VA

2. Energy Recovery Design to Minimize Potential for Fungal Growth
Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

3. Avoid Mold and Get Gold: Why Not to Oversize an HVAC System
Klas C. Haglid, P.E., P.E., Member, Haglid Engineering & Associates, Inc., Wyckoff, NJ

4. Using Indirect Evaporative Cooling to Control Humidity in Natatoriums
Michael S. Sherber, P.E., Member, Lentz Engineering Associates, Inc., Avon, CT

Seminar 43
Tuesday, June 29, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

New Developments in Energy Recovery Ventilation Technology, Standards and Guidelines
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Matthew L Friedlander, Member, RenewAire LLC, Madison, WI

Continuing advances in energy-recovery ventilation technology are accompanied by advances in understanding of its application. In particular, more and more information is available to help designers of equipment and systems understand
how energy -recovery components behave as parts of entire mechanical systems. Presentations will discuss Canadian work with integrated mechanical systems, behavior of energy -recovery components, calculation of integrated system efficiency, and the impact of energy recovery on sensible heat ratios.

1. Air-to-Air Energy Recovery in Integrated Small Scale HVAC Systems
Peter K. Grinbergs, Associate, Nutech Brands, London, ON, Canada

2. Effect of Cross-Stream Air Leakage on the Performance of Total Energy Recovery Wheels
Gerald Martin, Member, Air Energy Research Corporation, Minneapolis, MN

3. ARI Guideline V - Characterizing the Efficiency of Energy Recovery Ventilation and Informing the Design of HVAC Systems
Bede W. Wellford, Member, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA

4. Building Load Sensible Heat Ratios, Energy Recovery and Humidity Control
John Dieckmann, Member, TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA

Topics in Energy Recovery Ventilation
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Peter K. Grinbergs, Associate, Nutech Energy Systems Inc, London, ON, Canada

This session examines energy recovery ventilation, including details in the construction of energy recovery wheels, selection of components and lifetime operating assessments. It is intended to give engineers an overall look at energy recovery ventilation technology.

1. Wheel Selection for Heat and Energy Recovery in Simple HVAC Ventilation Design Problems
Yaw Asiedu, Ph.D., Department of National Defense, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow and Carey Simonson, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

2. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Air Handling Units With and Without Air-to-Air Energy Exchangers
Carey J Simonson, Ph.D., P.E., Associate, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Mikko Nyman, VTT Building and Transport, Espoo, Finland

3. Measurement of Pore Size Variation and Its Effect on Energy Wheel Performance
Wei Shang, Ph.D. and Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Seminar 36
Monday, January 26, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Using Air-to-Air Energy Recovery to Comply with 90.1 and Score with LEED
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: James L. Newman, Life, Thermal-Netics, Inc., Berkley, MI

Proper use of air-to-air energy recovery can contribute to both the energy efficiency and indoor air quality of a building. This seminar introduces techniques to meet requirements of ASHRAE Standards 62 and 90.1, the International Energy Conservation Code and the International Building Code while also gaining credits for LEED and Energy Star certification.

1. 90.1 and LEED Requirements Explained
Carol Marriott, Associate, McQuay Int., Staunton, VA

2. Advantages of Indirect Evaporative Cooling Used with Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Klas C. Haglid, P.E., Member, Haglid Engineers & Associates, Inc., Wyckoff, NJ

3. Using ARI-1060 Certified Performance to Specify Capacity and Efficiency for LEED Compliance
Douglas Steege, RenewAire, LLC, Madison, WI

4. LEED the Way through Air-to-Air Energy Recovery: A Case Study Shows How
Leon E. Shapiro, Member, ADA Systems, Carol Stream, IL

Forum 10
Monday, June 30, 9:00 AM - 9:50 AM, Room: Empire B (M)

Is it Possible or Practical to Recover Energy from Kitchen Hood Exhaust?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery; TC 5.10
Moderator: Donald R. Fisher, Associate, P. Eng, Fisher-Nickel, inc., San Ramon, CA
APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO

Energy recovery from kitchen exhaust is not common despite its attractiveness for heating the makeup air and/or domestic water. The grease-laden characteristic of exhaust from cooking presents a technical and a local code challenge for the installation of energy recovery equipment. Although one manufacturer of kitchen ventilation equipment developed a heat recovery module, successful installations have not been documented. Similarly, engineered systems have been anecdotally reported for institutional kitchens in northern climate zones. Feedback from the design community on the potential for heat recovery from kitchen exhaust systems and the role of ASHRAE is sought.

Seminar 11
Sunday, June 29, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM, Room: Chicago B (BR)

What are the Real Costs and Real Benefits of Air-to-Air Energy Recovery?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bert G. Phillips, Member, P. Eng, UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
APC Liaison: Wayne Frazell, P.E., Ft. Worth, TX

The cost of installing air-to-air energy recovery systems is often calculated without accounting for costs savings from downsizing heating and air-conditioning equipment. When these avoided costs are considered, air-to-air energy recovery is often a low-cost or no-cost energy saving measure. Conversely, inappropriate application of air-to-air energy recovery (e.g., using sensible rather than total heat recovery in hot humid applications or not downsizing air-conditioning) may create problems without providing anticipated benefits. Speakers present case studies demonstrating costs and benefits.

1. High Enthalpic Fixed Plate Membrane ERV Cores
Colleen Smith, P.E., Member, Dais-Analytic Corporation, Odessa, FL

2. The Building That Did Not Understand ASHRAE Standard 62
Klas C. Haglid, P.E., Member, Haglid Engineers & Associates, Inc., Wyckoff, NJ

3. Mixed Air Systems: Does Adding Energy Recovery Mean Adding Another Unit?
Ronnie Moffitt, P.E., Member, The Trane Co., Lexington, KY

4. Heat Pipe Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling with Evaporative Cooled Condensing: The Wet Bulb Triple Dip
C. Mike Scofield, P.E., Fellow, Conservation Mechanical Systems, Sebastopol, CA

5. Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Energy Cost Savings With
Dedicated Outside Air Systems
Prakash Damshala, Ph.D., P.E., Member, The University of Tennessee,
Chattanooga, TN

Forum 12
Monday, January 27, 9:00-9:50 AM

How Are Design Engineers Addressing Energy Recovery Ventilation Requirements of 90.1- 2001?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: Hoy R. Bohanon, P.E., Member, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, NC
APC Liaison: Arthur P. Garbarino, Air Service Inc., West Palm Beach, FL

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001 contains requirement for use of energy recovery. For example, “individual fan systems that have both a design supply air capacity of 5000 cfm or greater and have a minimum outside air supply of 70 percent or greater of the design supply air quantity shall have an energy recovery system with at least 50% recovery effectiveness.” Since this requirement was initiated in 1999, there is some application history. What approaches (successful or with problems) have engineers used in meeting this requirement?

Seminar 13
Sunday, January 26, 1-3 PM

Certified Ratings for Energy Recovery Ventilation: What You Need to Know!
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Maury B. Wawryk, Member, Venmar CES Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
APC Liaison: Arthur P. Garbarino, Air Service Inc., West Palm Beach, FL

The need for energy recovery ventilation equipment to resolve inherent conflicts between outdoor air ventilation requirements and energy conservation efforts has never been greater. The market and application of these technologies is growing and engineers are being called upon to understand and specify appropriate devices in their designs. HVI’s residential program began in 1985. In January of 2001, the ARI Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Ventilation Equipment Certified Ratings Program and its directory were launched. The experience and the information available are highlighted and outlined for engineers wishing to take advantage of the latest and best knowledge of the industry.

1. Lessons Learned
Denise Beach, Associate, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Alexandria, VA

2. ARI Energy Recovery Ventilation Program Overview: How to Use the Ratings
Bede W. Wellford, Associate, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA

3. How Certified Ratings Can Improve Your System Designs
Matthew Friedlander, Member, RenewAire LLC, Madison, WI

4. The HVI Heat Recovery Ventilator Program
Peter Grinbergs, P.E., Member, Nutech Energy Systems Inc., London, ON, Canada

Seminar 15
Sunday, January 13, 1-3 PM

Casino Ventilation - Keeping Gamblers Comfortable
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: David F. Shipley, P.E., Member, Marbek Resource Consultants, Ottawa, ON, Canada
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Hospitality venues, specifically large casinos, are unique among commercial establishments in North America today with respect to indoor air quality, partly because smoking is generally permitted in most such venues. Casinos are service-oriented establishments where the comfort of smokers and nonsmokers is essential to financial success. This seminar presents specific case studies of large casino projects in two challenging climates. Innovative design approaches to meeting stringent owner requirements are presented, along with the results of performance monitoring. These successful, real world examples point the way forward for design of buildings that meet high IAQ standards.

1. Large Casino Case Study: Part I - An HVAC Design Approach for Improved Indoor Air Quality for Las Vegas Casinos
Donald G. Koch, P.E., Member, JBA Consulting Engineers, Las Vegas, NV

2. Large Casino Case Study : Part 2 - IAQ Performance Monitoring
Elia M. Sterling, Member, Theodor Sterling Associates Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada

3. Passive and Integrated HVAC Systems for Casino IAQ: Part 1 - Passive Approaches to IAQ
Robert Finnegan, P.E., Member, Finnegan Erickson Associates, Las Vegas, NV

4. Passive and Integrated HVAC Systems for Casino IAQ: Part 2 - IAQ Using Integrated Energy Recovery
Boyd Erickson, Member, CIPE, Finnegan Erickson Associates, Las Vegas, NV

Technical Session 2
Monday, January 25, 8-10 AM

Air Crossover in Rotary Wheels Used for Air-to-Air Heat and Moisture Recovery (RP-862) (4463)
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Maury Wawryk, Associate Member, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Crossover between the exhaust and supply air is measured and analyzed for a commercially available energy wheel with typical sliding seals on the rotary wheel faces and perimeter. It was found that a purge section could reduce, but not eliminate, carryover of exhaust gases to the supply due to wheel rotation only when the supply air pressure is greater than the exhaust. Increasing pressure differences between the supply and the exhaust decreased the ventilation air flow rate compared to the maximum supply side flow rate. This reduction was much larger for a wheel with a purge section than one without.

Seminar 17
Monday, June 25, 8-10 AM

Getting in the Comfort Zone with Energy Recovery
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Associate, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

This program presents "hands on" design information for the creative engineer to apply standardized HVAC equipment into demanding system designs. With increased ventilation rates and requirements for better humidity control, the usual standard package design and installation falls short of complying with the more strenuous design requirements. This seminar offers some system solutions to these problems.

1. In Hospital Surgery Suites, How Can You Save Energy, Meet Strenuous Design Conditions and Make HVAC Equipment Smaller?
Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Associate, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

2. Achieving Comfort with ERVs in the Hospitality Industry
Davor Novosel, Member, Chelsea Group, Columbia, MO

3. Designing Ventilation Air Conditioning Using Energy Wheels
Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

4. Impact of Mechanical Ventilation on Thermal Comfort
Dipak J. Shah, Member, Honeywell Systems and Controls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN

Poster Session
Tuesday, June 26, 9-11 AM

Energy Wheel Effectiveness Evaluation: Part 1 Outlet Airflow Property Distributions Adjacent to an Energy Wheel (RP-862) (4480)
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang and Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
In the paper the outlet air flow properties are measured for a typical rotary energy wheel. It was found that the air temperature, humidity, and velocity are non-uniform in both the radial and angular directions adjacent to the outlet air faces of the wheel. Depending on the operating conditions and over the supply and exhaust outlet faces, the variations in temperature ranged from 2 to 6 degrees Celsius or .10 to .55 of the inlet temperature difference, variations in the relative humidity ranged from 7 to 15%, and variations in the velocity ranged from 1.0 to 2.8 m/s or .38 to 1.2 of the average velocity.

Energy Wheel Effectivenes Evaluation: Part 2 Testing and Monitoring Energy Wheels in HVAC Applications (RP-862)(4481)
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Wei Shang and Robert Besant, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
The findings for non-uniform outlet flow properties in Part 1 were used to devise a simple method of in situ testing of rotary energy wheels in HVAC applications. This method uses only data taken at one angular position for the supply and exhaust outlets. Using these data, the resulting calculated effectiveness are within 5% for sensible, 7% for latent, and 5% for total effectiveness of the standard test method results. A set of steps for in situ performance testing of energy wheels is presented and discussed.

Forum 10
Sunday, January 28, 1:00-1:50 PM

Energy Recovery Ventilation: Why or Why Not?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Moderator: Hoy R. Bohanon, P.E., Member, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, NC
APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center, Madison, WI

With ventilation requirements being mandatory in most new buildings there are ample opportunities for energy recovery. Although some engineers make frequent use of energy recovery technology, many others do not. This forum explores the rationale for using or not using energy recovery ventilation.

Seminar 37
Tuesday, January 30, 2001, 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM

Meeting the Requirements of Standard 90.1 Using Energy Recovery Ventilation Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
APC Liaison: Michael F. Beda, P.E., Process Equipment Company, Tulsa, OK
Chair: Bert Phillips, Member, P.Eng., UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada

ASHRAE Standard 62 sets minimum ventilation rates, which building occupants would like to increase. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 limits energy use, and owners would like to see lower energy and capital costs. Air-to-air energy recovery is a proven technology, which when properly applied, can help designers meet or exceed the conflicting demands to ventilate more, use less energy, improve humidity control in hot humid climates and reduce HVAC system cost. This seminar provides guidance on effective application of air-to-air energy recovery.

1. ARI Certified Energy Recovery Ventilation Ratings for Compliance with ASHRAE 90.1-1999
Bede W. Wellford, Affiliate, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA

2. Energy and Economic Impacts Following Standard 90.1-99
Maury Wawryk, Affiliate, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, Sakatchewan, Canada

3. Meeting the Requirements of Standard 90.1 Using Energy Recovery Ventilation
Davor Novosel, Member, Chelsea Group Ltd., Columbia, MO

4. Using ASHRAE Standard 90.1 to Aid in Engineering and Architectural Decisions
Kirk Mescher, Associate Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

Seminar 10
Sunday, June 25, 1:00-3:00 PM

Energy Recovery Wheels, Pipes, Plates and Run-Arounds - What Are They and How Do They Work?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Katherine Hammack, Member, APS Energy Services, Phoenix, AZ
APC Liaison: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University of Belgrade

Air-to-air energy recovery can take many forms. This seminar discusses each of the various forms available today, how they work, when to apply them and a brief case history on an application.

1. Total Energy Recovery Wheels - What Are They and How Do They Work?
Kirk Mescher, P.E., Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

2. Using Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers for Energy Recovery
Gursaran D. Mathur, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Zexel USA Corporation, Grand Prairie, TX

3. Run Around Systems
Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

4. Plates - And All the Essential Utensils
Maury Wawryk, Affiliate, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Forum 25
Tuesday, June 27, 2000, 1:00 PM - 1:50 PM

Energy Recovery Ventilation to Meet & Exceed ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
APC Liaison: Emil Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates Inc.
Moderator: Davor Novosel, Member, SEMCO Incorporated, Columbia, MO

ASHRAE's revised Standard 90.1-1999 mandates the use of energy recovery whenever the amount of outside air is above 70% of total system air. However, even higher energy efficiencies than those stipulated by ASHRAE Standard 90.1 can be achieved when energy recovery is incorporated in a new building system. This forum provides an opportunity to discuss the issues regarding the barriers (technical? institutional?) as well as the opportunities to broader application of energy recovery.

Seminar 49
Wednesday, February 9, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

The Squeeze Between Standards 62 and 90: Real World Solutions with Air to Air Energy Recovery
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Dilip Vyavaharkar, Member, Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NY
APC Liaison: Michael N. Hart, P.E., Energy Engineering Associates

As more buildings are being upgraded to meet the ventilation requirements of Standard 62-89, existing HVAC Systems are often unable to handle the additional loads imposed by the increased ventilation air. Trying to satisfy this additional load using traditional systems can also have a negative impact on the energy efficiency requirements imposed by Standard 90.1. Thus the engineer is faced with the challenge of designing systems that can simultaneously meet the requirements of the two standards. This seminar presents three case studies demonstrating how innovative designs are being used to solve this apparent conflict between Standard 62-89 and 90.1.

1. Energy Usage and Indoor Comfort Levels of Three Similar Fast Serve Restaurants on the East Coast Using Three Different HVAC Systems
John Spears, Member, Sustainable Design Group, Gaithersburg, MD

2. An Existing Library in Southern Climate Exceeds 62-89 and 90.1 Guidelines after a System Retrofit with a Novel Desiccant Based Hybrid Preconditioner
John Fischer, Member, SEMCO, Inc., Columbia, MO

3. Innovative Solutions for Meeting Standard 62 Requirements While Saving Energy with Classroom Unit Ventilators
Thomas J. Kelly, Member, Carrier Corp., Syracuse, NY

Seminar 25
Monday, June 21, 1999, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Ventilation in Residences: Mechanical versus Non-Mechanical
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bede W. Wellford, Member, Airxchange, Inc., Rockland, MA
APC Liaison: Janet M. Lynch, Johnson Controls, Inc.

Historically, ventilation in homes has been provided by a combination of filtration, chimneys and operable sash. Mechanical exhaust has been used to provide controlled ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens. In recent years, housing technology and construction has advanced, particularly in the area of insulation and building envelope tightness. In response, a variety of approaches to ventilating the house have emerged. This seminar provides insight into the indoor air quality and energy impacts of residential ventilation through recent research and practice.

1. A Study of IAQ and Energy Impacts of Residential Ventilation
Andrew Persily, Ph.D., Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

2. Energy and Cost Impact of Residential Control Strategies
Dipak J. Shah, Member, Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, MN

3. Measured and Modeled Infiltration and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes
Larry Palmiter, Ecotope, Inc., Seattle, WA

4. Testing Mechanical Ventilation in the WSU Energy House
Michael Lubliner, Member, Washington State University, Olympia, WA

5. Residential Ventilation Is Not an Equipment Debate
David W. Wolbrink, Member, Broan Manufacturing Co., Inc., Hartford, WI

Seminar 14
Monday, January 25, 8-10 AM

Dessicant Wheels? Heat Recovery Wheels? What Are the Differences?
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery; TC 03.05 Desiccant and Sorption Technology
Chair: Katherine Hammack, Member, APS, Phoenix, AZ
APC Liaison: Marvin Thedford, P.E., TU Electric

There are a lot of "wheel" technologies on the market that promise to save energy, condition occupied space and reduce humidity all without CFCs. How do they work? What are the design conditions that are most suitable for this technology? This seminar clarifies the differences between these two types of wheels. The psychometrics of energy transfer as well as the most suitable applications for each type of wheel system are described.

1. Functional Differences in Enthalpy and Desiccant Wheel Technologies as Applied to Hybrid Vapor-Compression Systems
Paul Brillhart, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago-Energy Resource Center, Chicago, IL

2. The 2 C's in Desiccant-Comprehension and Control
Maury Wawryk, Affiliate, Venmar CES, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

3. Case Study of Desiccant and Enthalpy Wheel Applications
Marek Czachorski, Institute of Gas Technology, Des Plaines, IL

4. Wheel Application
Kirk Mescher, P.E., Associate Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO

Seminar 25
Tuesday, January 26, 8-10 AM

The Squeeze Between Standard 62.and 90, Cost-Effective Ventilation Strategies
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Associate, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO
APC Liaison: Emil Friberg, P.E., Friberg Associates, Inc.

ASHRAE Standard 62-89 "Ventilation for Acceptable Air Quality" and ASHRAE Standard 90.1 "Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low Rise Residential Buildings" play a major role in the HVAC industry. Ventilating to ASHRAE 62-89 imposes addition heating and cooling loads for buildings which contradicts the direction of ASHRAE 90.1. This seminar reveals how energy recovery technology resolves the conflict between the ventilation ratesof ASHRAE Standard 62-89 and the energy conservation embodied within ASHRAE Standard 90.1.

1. Cost-Effective Ventilation in Schools with Total Energy Recovery
Davor Novosel, Member, SEMCO Incorporated, Columbia, MD

2. Shaping Ventilation Loads with Energy Recovery to Meet ASHRAE 62-89
Kevin McGahey, P.E., Member, Fresh Air Solutions, Hatboro, PA

3. The Three Legged Stool of Ventilation Performance, Design Load Reductions and Operating Savings
Bede W. Wellford, Member, Airxchange Inc., Rockland, MA

4. Applying Energy Recovery Technology to Meet 62-89 While Achieving the Demands of Variable Occupancy and ASHRAE 90.1
Gord Cooke, P.E., Air Solutions, Cambridge, ON, Canada

Poster Session
Tuesday, January 26, 9-11 AM

Determining the Performance of Energy Wheels, Part 1: Experimental and Numerical Methods (RP-862) (4243)
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Dustin L. Ciepliski, M. Sc., Cochrane PBK Engineering LTD, Burlington, ON, Canada; Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., P.E., Student Member, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
In this paper, controlled laboratory experiment and a detailed numerical model are presented which, together with uncertainty analysis, can quantify the performance of energy wheels. A numerical model that has been developed form physical principles and an experimental method for determining the performance of energy wheels with acceptable uncertainties are detailed. Included is a pre-test, during-test and post-test uncertainty analysis that allows the experimenter to estimate accurately precision (random) and bias (fixed) errors. A comprehensive set of measured data for the sensible, latent and total effectiveness of an energy wheel is compared with the corresponding simulation results in Part 2.

Determining the Performance of Energy Wheels, Part 2: Experimental Data and Numerical Validation (RP-862) (4244)
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Dustin L. Ciepliski, M. Sc., Cochrane PBK Engineering LTD, Burlington, ON, Canada; Carey J. Simonson, Ph.D., P.E., Student Member, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Experimentally measured and numerically simulated performance data is presented for an energy wheel operating in a wide range of conditions for mass flux, temperature and humidity. Both the simulated and numerical results show that the three effectiveness values (I.e., sensible, latent and total) are unequal and each has its own unique sensitivity to operating conditions. Simulated results with the numerical model show that experimental result measured sensible effectiveness by up to 7%. The proposed method of determining energy wheel performance is to validate a detailed numerical model with a range of accurate experimental data and then use the model to predict performance for other operating conditions.

Symposium TO-98-01
Sunday, June 21, 8-10 AM

Application and Design Experience with Smoking Areas in the Hospitality Industry and Commercial Buildings
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bert Phillips, P.E., Member, UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Knowledge from research on human response to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), the impact of ventilation system design on pollutant removal and the efficacy and economics of various ETS/IAQ strategies are integrated in this symposium to provide design guidance to improve IAQ for both smokers and non-smokers in spaces in which smoking is permitted.

1. Contaminant and Heat Removal Effectiveness and Air-to-Air Heat/Energy Recovery for a Contaminated Air Space
Doug Irwin, Honeywell Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow, Carey Simonson, Ph.D., and Kong Saw, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

2. Design for Smoking Areas: Part 1 Fundamentals
Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, Hoy Bohanon, Jr., P.E., Member, and J.C. Walker, Ph.D., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Winston-Salem, NC

3. Design for Smoking Areas: Part 2 Applications
Hoy Bohanon, Jr., P.E., Member, Robin Wilson, P.E., and Paul Nelson, Ph.D., Member, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Winston-Salem, NC

4. Comparison of Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption by HVAC System with Mixing and Displacement Air Distribution for a Restaurant Dining Area in Different Climates
Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., P.E., Member, International Air Technologies, Inc., Champaign, IL and Adolf Rymkevich, St. Petersburg Academy of Refrigeration & Food Technology, St. Petersburg, Russia

Seminar 14
Monday, January 19, 8:00-10:00 AM

IAQ Design Strategies and Issues for Smoking Areas
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Kirk Mescher, P.E., Associate Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO
APC Liaison: Filza Hassan, SHG Inc.

This seminar presents theoretical design considerations along with actual case studies of design techniques where coexistence of non-smokers and smokers is important to the operation of the space. These case studies offer a primer for the design professional and building owner for the design and installation of systems where coexistence is necessary.

1. Designing for Smoking Areas
Hoy R. Bohanon, P.E., Member, R. J. Reynolds, Winston-Salem, NC

2. Smoking Rooms in High-Rise Office Buildings
Carl N. Lawson, Member, Wren-Janus Engineering, Chantilly, VA

3. Coexistent Smokers and Non-Smokers in an Office Environment, Possibility or Nightmare
John Fischer, Member, Semco Inc., Columbia, MO

4. Mathematical Evaluation of ETS Dosage in Office Buildings
Mark Lehrman, P.E., Member, Wells Gardner Electronics, Chicago, IL

Seminar 20
Monday, January 19, 10:15 AM -12:15 PM

Designing Environmentally Friendly Restaurants and Pubs
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Don Fisher, P.E., Associate Member, Fisher Consultants, Dawville, CA
APC Liaison: Charles McDowell, Alabama Power Company

Results from recent studies in the United Kingdom have shown that there is a marketing advantage where pubs and restaurants have been designed to project an environmental friendly image. A key issue was energy efficiency with British pubs consuming more energy than hospitals and health care facilities. Because new pubs are rare and traditional pubs more successful, the Brewers Society and UK Department of Energy conducted a demonstration project in which 68 pubs were refurbished to embody energy efficient technologies. This paper reports on the results of this project and subsequent monitoring studies.

1. Energy Efficient Pubs and Restaurants
Francis A. Mills, P.E., Associate Member, Frank Mills Associates, Canturon Way, Leyland, United Kingdom

2. Changes in Diner Perception of IAQ from Improved Ventilation Effectiveness
Peter Rojeski, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Member, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina

3. Indoor Air Quality Initiatives for the Hospitality Industry of British Columbia
Elia M. Sterling, Member, Theodor D. Sterling & Associates Ltd., Vancouver, Britsh Columbia, Canada Bruce Clark, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

4. Design and Application Guidance on Smoking Areas and Smoking Rooms
George Benda, Member, Chelsea Group Ltd., Itasca, IL

5. Control of ETS with Independent Air Cleaning Systems
Joseph E. Topmiller, P.E., Member, United Air Specialists, Inc., Cincinnati, OH

Symposium SF-98-24
Wednesday, January 21, 8:00-10:00 AM

Air-to-Air Energy Exchanger Performance, Testing and Standards
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Bert Phillips, P.E., Member, UNIES Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
APC Liaison: Marvin Thedford, P.E., TU Electric

This symposium addresses issues associated with air-to-air heat/energy recovery in buildings. Presentations include an accurate numerical model of an energy wheel and validation of this model; an experimental method of measuring heat pipe effectiveness and quantifying the uncertainty in the results; and field measurements and uncertainty analysis for heat-pipe heat exchanger and an energy wheel. Recommendations for improving ASHRAE's testing standard, including using uncertainty analysis as the prime criterion for accurately testing air-to-air energy recovery devices also will be presented.

1. Heat and Moisture Transfer in Desiccant Coated Rotary Energy Exchangers: Part 1 - Numerical Model (HVAC & R Research Journal-Oct. 97) (4113)
Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, and Carey J. Simonson, Student Member, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

2. Heat and Moisture Transfer in Desiccant Coated Rotary Energy Exchangers: Part 2 - Validation and Sensitivity Studies (HVAC & R Research Journal-Oct. 97) (4114)
Carey J. Simonson, Student Member, and Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

3. A Testing and HVAC Methodology for Air-to-Air Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers (HVAC&R Research Journal-Jan. 98) (4115)
Dustin L. Ciepliski, Student Member, Pingbo Guo, and Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

4. Uncertainty Analysis in the Testing of Air-to-Air Heat/Energy Exchangers Installed in Buildings
Allan B. Johnson, P.E., Associate Member, K. S. Engineering, Consulting Engineers, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and Carey J. Simonson, Student Member, and Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

5. Some Recommendations for Improvements to ASHRAE Standard 84-1991
Dustin L. Ciepliski, Student Member, Carey J. Simonson, Student Member, and Robert W. Besant, P.E., Fellow, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Forum 11
Sunday, June 29, 1997, 12:30 PM - 1:20 PM

Do ASHRAE Engineers Have the Tools to Design "Acceptable" Smoking Areas in Restaurants and Bars?
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
APC Liaison: Robert Suggs
Moderator: Donald R. Fisher, P.E., Member, Fisher Consultants, Danville, California

The key to controlling a smoking environment is to provide enough ventilation for the space and efficiently direct the air over the smoking area. Naturally, when you increase the amount of outdoor air for ventilation, your heating and cooling loads are greater which in turn increases the building's operational costs. Restaurants and bars are searching for cost effective retrofit solutions to their problems. Do ASHRAE engineers have the right tools to design smoking areas cost effectively? Can a cost effective solution result in 'acceptable' indoor air quality?

A summary of this forum is available as a pdf file.

Forum 33
Wednesday, January 29, 1997, 9:00-9:50 AM

How Will Deregulation of Electricity Impact Energy Recovery Ventilation?
Sponsor: TC 5.5 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
APC Liaison: Larry Markel
Moderator: Lawrence C. Hoagland, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Airxchange Inc., Rockland, Massachusetts

The coming deregulation of electric utilities is already shrinking marketing and demand side management programs, eliminating many utility rebates for installation of energy conservation equipment. Will these developments impact the installation of ventilation energy recovery equipment? Have DSM Programs been a factor influencing the specification and purchase of ERVs? How much did DSM programs impact use of ERVs? Will the shift from utility DSM programs to "Shared Savings Programs" and to "Custom Energy Programs" by private companies actually help promote ERV installation? What information/tools could these programs require in order to better utilize the ERV "resource"? This forum will stimulate a discussion of these issues at a time when utility deregulation is just being launched.

Seminar 45
Wednesday, January 29, 1997, 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM

Topics in Air to Air Energy Recovery
Sponsor: TC 05.05 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Chair: Kirk Mescher, P.E., Associate Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, Missouri
APC Liaison: Art Hallstrom

Various applications of energy recovery technology are discussed. The presentation of design, installation and operational experiences with various forms of air to air energy recovery systems will aid the practitioner in applying energy recovery techniques. The topics are wide ranging, however, methods of complying with ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 for ventilation and indoor air quality without oversizing the mechanical system and paying for it in operational costs lay at the foundation of each speaker's talk.

1. Portable Classroom Study - Improving Energy Efficiency through Heat Recovery Ventilation and Thermal Energy Storage
Gord Cooke, P.E., Member, Venmar Ventilation, Saskatoon, Saskatchwan, Canada

2. Total Energy Recovery Wheels in Office Buildings
Michael Boles, P.E., Member, SEMCO, Columbia, Missouri

3. Performance Experiences with Air to Air Energy in a Southern Climate Dormitory
Ben Elkin, P.E., Member, Berry College, Mt. Berry, Georgia

4. Research Findings on the Performance of Air to Air Energy Recovery Systems
Robert Besant, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

See program plan notes in recent minutes.